What's So Special about Specialization?

Some parents can live vicariously through their own children, often encouraging specialization in ONE sport at very young ages. As a pop culture reference, check out the Netflix Documentary "The Short Game" to see parents coaching their kids in this incredibly competitive tournament and tour, all hoping for them to become the next Tiger Woods. Specialization, defined as the "Hyper-focus of involvement within one-specific SPORT on a year round basis, is a complex process that should not occur until more information regarding advantages and disadvantages are known". We often find parents playing such an important role in promoting specialization, more so than other pressures affecting young athletes.  According to Wilk et al., (2015) in a study researching rehabilitation of the throwing athlete, The shoulder has also been reported as the most common injury region in high school baseball players, and tremendous forces are placed on the glenohumeral joint as anterior shear forces approach 50% of the body weight during the throwing motion".  This throwing motion, if improper or done excessively, can exacerbate such conditions and increase the likelihood of early long-term shoulder pathologies, particularly in baseball players. 

Although there are some advantages to specialization, such as playing at a highly competitive level, motor skill acquisition, as well as enhancement of scholarship opportunities, we can all agree though that some of these advantages are more the exception than the rule. Dr Charles Popkin, pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon at Columbia University reported, "Sadly, what parents want and what parents hope to gain from their children's participation in youth sports is often at as significant extreme to what the kids actually want.... Children who specialize in one sport early in life were found to be the first to quit their sport and ended up having higher inactivity rates as an adult."  As it relates to baseball, Yang et al (2014) stated that "high pitching volume and limited recovery will lead to arm fatigue, placing younger pitchers at a greater risk for elbow and shoulder problems and, subsequently, an increased risk for arm injuries"  Other more serious concerns of intensive training include growth retardation and puberty delay in females, specifically gymnasts (Hecimovich et al., 2004).

Although there are clear benefits to children for being physically active and participating in sports (much more than at home playing video games), there is an appropriate line to be drawn in the sand, or on the court, or on the field. And we must all be cognizant that the age for specialization of sport, if absolutely necessary, doesn't arrive until much later than we may previously have thought.  According to the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness, specialization is not recommended before the age of 12 or 13 years old.  There are are also methods to avoid the burnout in sport, so that motor skill acquisition can be maintained at a high level, while preserving the long term orthopedic health of the young athlete. Dr. Popkin goes on, "Expose your children to as many activities as possible and support what they like.  But if they're performing more hours of a sport a week than their age in years, they're probably overdoing it. "  Another avenue is to become the coach or volunteer, and then help develop the schedule as to not overdo it for these young athletes.

And for those with an interest in Wisconsin sports and their heroes, we can learn from the phenomenal athletes that have demonstrated an active interest within their communities, such as JJ Watt. We can even read about how JJ Watt doesn't want us to play just one sport. And look where he ended up?

#ChoosePT #ChoosePT1st 

References:

1. Hecimovich, Mark (2004).  Sport Specialization in Youth: A Literature Review.  JACA, 41 (4). 

2. Wilk, Kevin.  Hooks, Todd. (2015) Rehabilitation of the Throwing Athlete.  Where we are in 2014.  Clinical Sports Med 34 (247-261.

3. Rosenbaum, Daryl. Callender, Shelley. (2010) The Early Specialization of Youth in Sports.  Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, 2 (6). 

3. Epstein, David.  Sports Should Be Childs Play.  New York Times. 

4. Brody, Jane.  How to Avoid Burnout in Youth Sports. New York Times.  Popkin, Charles.  Columbia University Medical Center. 

Bike Because Queen Said So!

“I want to ride my bicycle, I want to ride my bike “ - Queen

With World Bicycle Day being June 3rd, it only seems right.

The weather is getting warm, the smell of burgers and brats fill the air, and you’re ready to bust out your bicycle.  New or old, tandem or unicycle, red or green, Trek or Schwinn, you’re ready to hit road for another summer – determined to finally complete that triathlon you’ve put off for the last 3 years. Hold on cowboy - before you mount your horse let’s get a few things straight regarding proper bike fitting. Bike fit varies a lot based on your primary goal: recreational riding vs leisure riding. See below for a great graphic illustrating this from article recently published by the Wisconsin State Journal (2018). In general, seat height should be set with the goal of achieving a 25-30 degree knee bend; specifically avoid your knee going past your toes. This reduces risk of knee pain and makes for optimally efficient riding (Bini et al., 2011). On the contrary, setting your seat too low will result in greater overall fatigue and higher risk for anterior thigh/knee pain. While research has shown upright trunk positions are most comfortable for riders, it obviously results in less advantageous aerodynamics (Priego Quesada et al., 2017); again, your goals should drive your bike fit – no pun intended. If you have further questions, please stop in your local APSTM for a FREE 15-minute screen and pick our providers’ brains in order to optimize your summer biking experience.

Also, please be sure to look into our Tour de Ripon bike even going all summer in the Ripon area; sign up, bike to a restaurant, and get incentivized with free food & drinks!  The event runs from June 1, 2018 – August 31st, 2018 – sign up anytime! More info available on our website and Facebook page.

With World Bicycle Day being June 3rd, it only seems right.

Safe riding,

PJ

References:

Bini, R.,Hume, P., Croft, J. (2011). Effects of bicycle saddle height on knee injury risk and cycling performance. Sports Medicine: 41(6), 463-476.

Kittner, G. (2018). Time to Tune Up. Wisconsin State Journal.

Priego Quesada, J., Perez-Soriano P., Lucas-Cuevas A., Salvador Palmar R., Cibrian Ortiz de Anda, R. (2017). Effect of bike-fit in the perception of comfort, fatigue and pain. Journal of Sports Sciences: 35(14).

A Green thumb’s guide to injury prevention

Most of us don’t think of overuse injuries when starting a new hobby.  Especially those hobbies that involve what we perceive as less strenuous activities.  But, did you know that planting and tending to your garden can predispose you to some of the same injuries of as athletes such as golfers and rowers?  We always advise you to start a new activity at a gradual pace, increasing duration and intensity slowly. The same is true for gardeners anxious to get digging into the fresh spring soil. Don’t attempt to clear all the winter debris in a single day, or plant the flats of annuals brought home from the nursery all at one time.  This is why they have the yard pickup team arrive at your curb over a 6-week timeframe instead of 1x/season.  Instead, undertake these new hobbies at moderate intervals and take a few minutes to stretch prior.

Typically, the pain of sprains, tendinitis and even arthritis is mild at first and often ignored. However, these ailments can develop into serious conditions if left untreated. Here are a few common gardening-related problems that would require medical attention:

TRIGGER THUMBS OR FINGERS

The repetitive motion of opening and closing shears or other hand tools can lead to a painful triggering or locking of the fingers or thumb. The condition is caused when the “eyelet” that holds the flexor tendons in place along the finger or thumb interferes with the smooth gliding of the tendons through it. Patients may feel a pain in the palm or the finger and, in severe cases, the finger is stuck downward and requires “unlocking” with the help of the other hand.  In addition, using vibrating tools and blowers excessively can cause significant vibration concerns. This adds pressure on the median nerve, which could potentially lead to pre-carpal tunnel like symptoms.

WRIST TENDINITIS

Persistent pain in the wrist could develop from repeated motion of the wrist. In De Quervain’s tendinitis, the tendons that attach at the base of the thumb become irritated or constricted, causing painful swelling along the wrist. Heavy raking can cause pain in the forearm about three inches above the wrist, a condition called Intersection Syndrome. It results from the overuse of the wrist extensor tendons, which rub against one another as the wrist repeatedly bends backward. The friction caused by the rubbing tendons leads to irritation, inflammation and painful swelling.

ELBOW EPICONDYLITIS

Tennis and golfer’s elbow (medial and lateral epicondylitis) are painful conditions involving the tendons that attach to the humerus bone at the elbow. With tennis elbow, repeated bending of the wrist while gripping something like a rake weakens tendons attached to the outer, or lateral, side of the elbow. Similarly, weakened tendons attached to the inner, or medial, side of the elbow and can lead one to suffer from Golfer’s Elbow.

In most cases the overuse-related conditions described above can be resolved with activity modification, ice and over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication. If the pain persists more than five days or so, however, it would be wise to consult with a physician who can assess whether bracing, physical therapy or other treatments are needed.

HAND INFECTIONS

One other gardening-related risk to mention is Sporotrichosis. Also known as Rose Thorn Disease, Sporotrichosis is caused by fungus found in soil, rose thorns, hay, moss and twigs and usually enters the body through a thorn prick. The fungus is more closely related to mold found in stale bread or yeast used to brew beer than to bacteria. Once the mold spores enter the skin, the disease can take days or months to develop. The first symptom is usually a painless bump or lesion that is pink or purple in color. In most cases, the mold spreads to the lymph nodes. Over time, new nodules can develop from your fingers all the way up the arm, becoming open sores or ulcers that are susceptible to infection. The disease is rarely life threatening, but it is important to seek medical attention. Left untreated, the ulcerative lesions can develop into a chronic condition that can persist for several years. All the more reason to wear garden gloves.

(Some content borrowed from WAG, May 2, 2o17)

Recovery Inn

The Recovery Inn Experience:  Where top-notch therapy services meet 5-star customer service and accommodations

            That nagging pain in your left knee just won't go away!  Conservative measures including physical therapy and injections have failed, and your orthopedic surgeon is recommending a total knee replacement.  Now what?  Weather you have your surgery at the Orthopedic and Sports Institute of the Fox Valley or at the hospital, Recovery Inn is a fantastic place to recover and meet all of your acute therapy needs. 

Recovery Inn is a unique skilled nursing facility that provides transitional care for patients after scheduled total joint replacement, or for patients who need rehabilitation after an unexpected injury or illness.  Therapy services at Recovery Inn are provided by Advanced Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine. 

 Therapy at Recovery Inn is provided by a team of highly skilled Occupational and Physical Therapists who specialize in orthopedic care after total joint replacement.  You can expect to meet with therapy staff as soon as a few hours after your surgery for a warm welcome, evaluation, and maybe even a short walk! 

 Occupational therapy staff will provide you with and teach you to use adaptive equipment that will help you to complete activities of daily living, including self-care tasks like dressing, toileting, and showering.  They will educate you about pain and edema management.  Before you go home, they will help you with a shower, discussing your actual home environment and making recommendations for simple home modifications.

 Physical Therapy staff will teach you how to use a walker, cane, or crutches to get you safely back on your feet again.  They will review lower body exercises to help you regain strength and endurance.  PT staff will work with you to master stairs and improve balance to reduce your risk for falls. 

  The therapy team at Recovery Inn looks forward to helping you on your journey towards better mobility...with less pain!  We know that total joint replacement surgery or recovery after an injury can be scary.  But our therapists are here to answer all of your questions and put your mind at ease. 

Happy healing!

Allie :)

Allison M. Salm, OTR, CLT

Director of Therapy Services—Recovery Inn

Advanced Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine

What is OT?

April is Occupational Therapy Month!  Um, excuse me, but what the heck is OT anyway?  Is that kinda like physical therapy?  Do occupational therapists help you find a job, or what?  Not exactly... 

Occupational therapy is the only profession that helps people across the lifespan to do the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of daily activities (occupations). Occupational therapy practitioners enable people of all ages to live life to its fullest by helping them promote health, and prevent—or live better with—injury, illness, or disability.

Common occupational therapy interventions include helping children with disabilities to participate fully in school and social situations, helping people recovering from injury to regain skills, and providing support for older adults experiencing physical and cognitive changes. Occupational therapy services typically include:

• An individualized evaluation, during which the client/family and occupational therapist determine the person’s goals,

• Customized intervention to improve the person’s ability to perform daily activities and reach the goals, and

• An outcomes evaluation to ensure that the goals are being met and/or make changes to the intervention plan.

Occupational therapy practitioners have a holistic perspective, in which the focus is on adapting the environment and/or task to fit the person, and the person is an integral part of the therapy team. It is an evidence-based practice deeply rooted in science.

There are a handful of highly skilled occupational therapists who are an integral part of the Advanced Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine clinical team .  The OT's at APTSM work in a variety of settings: 

• Outpatient clinics.  Several OT staff members specialize in hands and upper extremity, treating patients with pain and dysfunction associated with injury or the wear and tear of daily living and aging. 

• Industrial sites across Northeast Wisconsin.  OT provides on-site work-hardening, job-site analysis, education for body mechanics, and pre-injury screenings.

April is Occupational Therapy Month! 

Allison M. Salm, OTR, CLT

A Day in the Life!

Last week we introduced you to what exactly is Athletic Training, and where do you find these mysterious healthcare figures.  We want to dive a little further into this today, and see one of their most sacred rituals: game day. 

It's game day, you're standing in the tunnel, the crowd is cheering....whoa, whoa, whoa, wait, we should back up 6 days to when the preparation for game day really began. It's Sunday, treatments are occurring. Treatments range from contusions, ankle sprains, overuse injuries, and ongoing rehab from previous injuries.

It's Monday, typical practice preparation, rehab during the day and emails out to the visiting team. Throughout the remainder of the week, it's decisions regarding if an athlete can play on Saturday, nutritional advice so the athlete can fuel for the big game, more rehab, and too many other things to list. 

Now, it's game day. Arrive earlier than anyone else, make last minute decisions and time to prep. 10 gallons ICE, water bottles, AED, crutches, splints, emergency airway equipment, treatment tables, and all of the tape that fits in the sideline kit. Pregame treatments begin followed by pregame taping and a last minute glance to make sure everything is ready. Warm ups begin, last minute stretching while organizing the sideline. EMS arrive on scene along with the team physician; introductions are made and review of the emergency action plan is discussed. Finally, the national anthem. The game begins. 

Ready to do start this all again tomorrow?  

Thanks for reading.

Ashley Rottier, MSAT, LAT

At Your Own Risk

Given that March is National Athletic Training Month, I would like to open up to the world of Athletic Training to you! What is an Athletic Trainer?  Athletic Trainers (AT’s) are health care professionals who work under the direction of physicians as prescribed by state licensure statutes. What services can an AT provide? The services provided by AT’s comprise prevention, emergency care, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and rehabilitation of injuries and medical conditions.

The statutory title of “athletic trainer” is actually a misnomer, but is derived from the profession’s historical roots. Athletic trainers provide medical services to all types of people – not just athletes participating in sports – and do not “train” people as personal or fitness trainers do. However, the profession continues to embrace its proud culture and history by retaining the title. In other countries, the profession bears the label of athletic therapist or physiotherapist.

Here in the U.S., the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) represents more than 44,000 members domestically and internationally, there are about 50,000 ATs practicing nationally. The athletic training profession began early in the 20th century, and NATA was established in 1950. At Your Own Risk is a public awareness campaign sponsored by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association designed to educate, provide resources and equip the public to act and advocate for safety in work, life and sport. In an effort to provide comprehensive information, the association has launched a website, AtYourOwnRisk.org that provides recommendations on keeping student athletes and communities active and employees safe on the job.

Did you know that Advanced Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine provides Athletic Trainers for the Appleton Area School District, St. Mary Catholic High School, Lawrence University and numerous industrial sites in the area? Well, they do! Advanced Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine can provide the care for you, your student-athlete, or your event!

Please explore more about athletic training at the following pages:

NATA.org

AtYourOwnRisk.org

Wisconsin Athletic Trainers' Association: Homepage

Reference:

Profile of Athletic Trainers. NATA.org.https://www.nata.org/sites/default/files/profile-of-athletic-

trainers.pdf.Published July 2016.Accessed March 1,2018.

Falling For You!

Falling for You #PunnyValentinejokes

You hear about it every winter in Wisconsin: someone you know – a family member, a friend, a neighbor - has fallen and gotten severely injured. Often times a broken bone is the result of these tragedies. Based on an earlier blog post, we already know that physical therapy (PT) can help prevent falls; let’s say you weren’t convinced PT could help prevent your fall. What if I told you that physical therapy (PT) could be the difference between your fall resulting in a broken bone or simply a superficial flesh wound? Physical therapists are movement experts, and research has shown that exercise, the foundation of PT, increases bone mineral content & density across the lifespan – from childhood to older adults (Behringer, et al., 2014 & McMillian, et al., 2017). More bone mineral density means stronger bones, and stronger bones could be the difference between a bruise and a fractured hip. According to McMillian and company, “a seemingly small 1–3% improvement in bone mineral density may be sufficient to avoid a fracture” (2017). Although many various types of exercise are beneficial for bone health, it is hypothesized that higher impact activities (running, jumping, lifting heavier weights, etc.) result in higher bone densities (Behringer, et al., 2014). A famous Wolff once created a law stating “bones will remodel based on the stresses placed upon them”. In summary, sitting on the couch = weak bones; physical activity = strong bones.

Another large variable playing a role in bone health is nutrition. Making sure you have enough calcium and Vitamin D in your diet also ensures stronger bones; calcium makes our bones strong, and vitamin D assists in our bodies’ absorption of calcium (Behringer, et al., 2014). Combine physical activity with these nutrition tips and your long bones will be grinning from epiphysis to epiphysis.

Last, but not least, it is very important that when you are planning to increase your physical activity level you consult a medical profession who can create and individualize program that fits all your needs. As mentioned before, physical therapists are movement experts, and this is where we at Advanced Physical Therapy & Sports Medicine come in.

Happy Bone Building,

Dr. PJ

References:

Behringer M, Gruetzner S, McCourt M, Mester J (2014) Effects of weight-bearing activities on bone mineral content and density in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. J Bone Miner Res 29: 467–478. 

McMillian L., Zengin A., Ebeling P., Scott D. (2017) Prescribing Physical Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Older Adults. Healthcare 5(4): 85.

Sedentary Behavior! by Ross VonGlahn, PT, DPT

For further information, I recommend you reference the perspective article below by Wheeler et al, 2017 from the journal, Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, titled Sedentary behavior as a risk factor for cognitive decline? A focus on the influence of glycemic control in brain health.

Intro

Many of us know that exercise is good for you. However, the effects of exercise go beyond just looking good and feeling good. New research is being conducted, looking at the effects of exercise and disease prevention. However, is exercise enough? New literature suggests no. The benefits of exercising for the recommended 150 minutes per week may be cancelled out by sedentary behavior (sitting/laying) the rest of your waking day. Think about it. How much sitting do you do in a day? One hour? Five hours? Eight hours? Take some time to actually tally this up between driving to and from work, sitting at work, sitting for meals, and sitting in front of a screen. The number may surprise you. A survey by the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey shows that on average people are sedentary greater than 9 hours per day, perform light activity 5 hours per day and perform 11.3 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity per day. Of the 150 minutes per week of recommended moderate to vigorous activity, nearly one-third of people do not meet this recommendation. The number of people not meeting this recommendation increases as age increases as well.

What is it about?

This article reviews the physiologic processes involved in regulation of glucose (sugar) in the brain as well as the effects of abnormal glucose levels in the brain. Glucose is the primary fuel for the brain and is essential for the proper functioning and health of the brain. When blood sugar is too high, the brain will regulate this by decreasing blood flow to the brain as to decrease the overall amount of glucose to the brain. When it is too low, the brain struggles to have enough energy source to work efficiently and may cause damage known as apoptosis (cell death). Also, when your brain accustomed to high glucose levels (hyperglycemia), it can experience relative hypoglycemia when it returns back to normal blood glucose values, leading to damage.

Why does this matter?

Think about eating a big meal, full of carbs and sugar. You will have a large spike in your blood sugar, which signals the brain to decrease blood flow to the brain, as well as release insulin from the pancreas. The insulin helps drive glucose into your cells, effectively lowering your blood glucose (ie, blood sugar). However, this tends to overshoot and leads to a “hypoglycemic event” as referenced in the above article. This hypoglycemic event can lead to apoptosis (cell death) in the brain. This is a process involved in Alzheimer’s and Dementia. They cite that those with type 2 diabetes are 50% more likely to develop dementia compared to those with normal blood sugar control and regulation.

Tying it all together

Reviewed in the above article, sedentary behavior increases the risk for diabetes and poor glucose control. By decreasing sedentary behavior, an individual may better regulate the hyperglycemic events that subsequently lead to a hypoglycemic event and causing damage to the brain. Limiting this undulating pattern of high blood sugar to low blood sugar may limit the damage to the brain and maintain brain health. It recommends that outside of the recommended 150 minutes/week of exercise, intermittent walking or light activity throughout the day may help control blood sugar and maintain brain health. Point of the story is, get up and move and move often.

Change Society, Make them Healthy!

As the current changes take place in the healthcare system, the Science of Medicine and the Art of Healing, rings true and our profession must take a stand by participating in the role of “wellness professionals”. We must strive to corner the market in this arena and present our level of expertise as we position ourselves for the future of healthcare. We have all the tools necessary and we need to put them into practice by being the conductors of healthy lifestyles in society.

At the World Economic Forum this year, the focus was on a new and rather upbeat topic:  the need for countries to invest in health to achieve long-term economic growth. “The time is right to elevate the conversation on health,” said Robert Greenhill, the managing director and chief business office of the forum.  “This year, there is a sense that the global economy is out of intensive care and embarking on rehabilitation. As we ask how, metaphorically, to improve the economy’s health, literally improving the population’s health is a good place to start.”

What an inspiring statement and a good choice of words to show our world is embarking on rehabilitation; this is an excellent segway for Physical Therapy to take the ball and roll with it!  It appears as a challenge for physical therapists to capitalize on this opportunity. We have heard a great deal about incorporating wellness into our profession and our vision for the last few years but I am uncertain we know how to put this into practice. We have the knowledge regarding exercise and fitness, but are we incorporating lifetime wellness into our discharge plans and daily practice of physical therapy? Everyone comprehends the benefit of transitional programs upon discharge from skilled physical therapy; personal training, performance enhancement, group fitness and small group training. Whether or not we choose to personally engage in these entities, we possess the knowledge to assist our patients and direct them to utilize or locate these programs as necessary. I view our role as therapists to ascertain whether or not our patients need the additional expertise, guidance or support to follow through with our directions and home program upon discharge.

In addition to the referrals as, appropriate, to the programs listed above, are we preparing our patients on a very basic level for lifetime wellness and exercise? Beyond the diagnoses for which they sought our care, are we educating them in healthy behaviors and fabricating plans for this in our discharge goals? We are in the perfect position to serve as role models to discuss weight loss principles for our OA patient. If our patient leads a sedentary lifestyle, there is a huge opportunity to share the research on inactivity and encourage them to step away from the chair. We can present the evidence between sitting time and premature mortality rates. I think we all realize individuals may be averse to exercise, however educating them on the benefit of how simply standing an extra 1-2 hours per day can burn enough calories to lose between 5-10# over a year’s time.

Prevention is a key in overall health, so do we appropriately discuss osteoporosis indicators for the patient population we treat that falls into this strata? Do we report the NIH recommendations for exercise as a way to keep our patients exercising upon discharge? Lastly, do we as a profession take responsibility for societal or global health? I have taken it upon myself to frequently write letters to MD’s to encourage referral of their patients for exercise, walking programs or strength training when they diagnosis them with chronic diseases, such as CAD, Diabetes, OA, Parkinsons, MS and Osteoporosis. Many times a MD will tell their patient to become more active but that individual may not comprehend how to take the next step. Our profession can assist with this task. We can also market the consumer for direct access to our services by informing the public of our skill set.

As a doctoring profession, we have all the tools and education to lead our consumers to a healthier lifestyle, however we need to ask ourselves how and when we are willing to use them. Each of us can play a major role in educating our patients to behavioral changes to promote wellness. Preventing disease as opposed to merely treating it must become an even greater priority. In this manner, we can all support our APTA Brand-Move Forward; Physical Therapy Brings Motion to Life!

Jean Darling PT, LAT is an Impact editorial board member and Vice President of Advanced Physical Therapy & Sports Medicine. She can be reached at [email protected]